Robert Frost Home Burial - Selfish Misery Essay - 1662 Words

The Selfish Misery of Home Burial Robert Frosts poem Home Burial is an intriguing portrait of a marital relationship that has gone wrong. Though at first glance it may seem that the cause for the couples trouble is the death of their child, closer reading allows the reader to see that there are other serious, deeper-rooted problems at work. The couples differences in their approach to grieving is only the beginning of their problems. Many of the real problems lie in the wifes self-absorbed attitude of consuming unhappiness and anger. Her outlook on her life and marriage is so narrow that she winds up making both her husband and herself victims of her issues. It is clear that Frost intended the reader to see through the†¦show more content†¦Rather, she dehumanizes him in her mind, thinking of him as a blind creature who wont be able to understand her pain (15-16). When he asks what is disturbing her, she refuse[s] him any help (13). She is making the deliberate decision not to let him be a caring person. Even when he tells her that hes seen the cause of her window gazing, she refuses to believe him. Frost has her immediately contradict the husbands realization, using the word challenge to conjure up a better image of the wifes defensive nature. While the husband is understanding of his wifes pain, she refuses to allow him any. The husband tells her to try and talk to him, insisting that he is not so much unlike other folks (63). Even though he admits he thinks she is perhaps to demonstrative in her grief, he wants to talk to her and help her. He acknowledges that she is unhappy, and he wants to be of assistance. The wife, however, isnt even willing to grant that her husband could be feeling any loss. When he begins to speak of their dead child, she recoils from him, crying Dont, dont, dont, dont (31-33). He asks Cant a man speak of his own child hes lost? (37), clearly confused that she would be so upset over the slightest mention of the child. She responds with an instant, Not you! (38), implying that only he isnt worthy of grieving. She doesnt appear to think he should be allowed any emotion at all, but still seems to expect him to be moreShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages, with David DeCenzo (Wiley, 2010) Prentice Hall’s Self-Assessment Library 3.4 (Prentice Hall, 2010) Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed., with David DeCenzo and Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Supervision Today! 7th ed., with David DeCenzo and Robert Wolter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Training in Interpersonal Skills: TIPS for Managing People at Work, 6th ed., with Phillip Hunsaker (Prentice Hall, 2012) Managing Today! 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 2000) Organization Theory, 3rd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1990)

The Four Personality Types I Am - 1515 Words

Sun Tzu once said â€Å"If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.†(p. 51). Even though one may not be in battle this statement still holds true when dealing within organizations and how people work together. The purpose of this paper is to identify which of the Sixteen Personality Types I am. After completing the Jung Typology Test I was scored as being EFSP; throughout this paper I will discuss each individual letter and the theory behind it, and then elaborate how it applies to my own personal life. Using the knowledge that I have gained from first part of this paper and using Type Talk at Work I will then further dive into how my personality affects my decision making. Once I have reached a better understanding of myself I will then apply it to my current career and how I can make myself a better officer, and therefore a better leader. Very good Step 1Good use of headings; Extroverted The first letter of the Jung Personality Test represents whether or not a person is an introvert or extrovert, after taking the test I was rated as being 72% more of an extrovert over introverted. Being identified as an extrovert did not surprise me in the least because for as long as I can remember I always needed to surround myself by people. Being an extrovert has helped me in my overall job of being an officer in the United States Air Force because feel at ease talking in or to large groups of people. A specific exampleShow MoreRelatedPersonality Paper Essay674 Words   |  3 Pagesalike, and no two personalities are alike. A personality is made up of different characteristics, which help to define a person. Per the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator everyone has a four-letter personality type with 16 different personality combinations. These personality types affect everyone’s personal, social and work life. My four-letter personality type is ISFJ (introvert, sens ing, feeling and judgment). There are many different personality types. The four dimensions of personality are: extravertRead MorePersonality Assessment : Personality And Work Ethics Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagestheir own distinct personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, â€Å"personality is defined as the set of emotional qualities and ways of behaving that makes a person different from other people†. My personality simply defines how others view me and most importantly the authenticity of who I am. Some people are prone to having outgoing personalities, while I prefer to be alone. After taking the Jung Typology Test, I understand my personality even more. This personality assessment will documentRead MoreEssay on Teamwork: Dealing with Personalities740 Words   |  3 PagesPersonalities differ with one person to another. Dealing with other people according to their personality will make the team stronger. Knowing personality type can help me to understand myself better and to improve on my weaknesses. Personality defines individuals’ inner characters and who they are as a person. Their behavior patterns are consistent around other people as well by themselves. Even though people hide their true personality in social settings, eventually their inner nature comes outRead MoreWhat I Have Learned About My Personality1378 Words   |  6 PagesIn this project, I reveal my four-letter type and temperament after taking the Meyers-Briggs Personality Test. I will give a description of each letter of my personality type as well as discuss how the different aspects of my personality letters work together. I will give examples from my life and discuss some of the weaknesses of my personality type. I will discuss what I have learned about myself from the personality tests and how it will help me to understand my role within my organizationRead MoreReflection On Personality1341 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality is defined as â€Å"the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character† (google dictionary, 2017), just by reading this definition you can tell that personality is a complex system to fully understand. There are a number of tools or assessments from many theories and approaches that help better understanding personality, pulling apart its complexity. I have already given a lot of thought about who I am as a person, what traits do I have, what doRead MoreAnalysis Of Katharine Cook Briggs And Her Daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers1492 Words   |  6 Pagesskin. Perhaps routine quarreling with your cousin frustrates you. Well, once I concluded after much research that I am the ENFJ personality type, I learned not only how my type relates to the ESTJ type, but also that each person s unique perception of the world causes many social conflicts due to individuals perceiving and responding to things opposite from their peers. In order to better understand myself and others, I turned to the reliable, comprehensive Jung typology test developed by KatharineRead MoreThe Personality Theory Of Adler s Individual Psychology Theory1436 Words   |  6 PagesI. Theory Description The personality theory that I have chosen as best identifying with my personality and beliefs is Adler’s Individual Psychology theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Adler based his theory on the belief that individuals placed varying degrees of importance in different aspects of social and individual motivations such as an ideal goal. He used the term finalism to describe his idea that individuals all have an ultimate goal that they strive to become. The goal is subjective toRead MorePersonality Traits Of An Individual1314 Words   |  6 PagesIt is very important to understand the personality traits of individuals within an organization. Understanding the personality of an individual can help managers better understand the actions and decisions people make within a company. Therefore, personality test should be considered to gain a better understanding of the thinking of people within an organization. The Myers-Briggs Personality Assessment is a good test to take to learn ab out the personality traits and thinking of individuals. BasedRead MoreAnalysis Of Myers Briggs Type Indicator Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesMyers-Briggs type indicator has four characteristics and those four characteristics can combine to sixteen personalities. The result of the test, I received the INFJ personality. The INFJ consists of an Introvert, an iNtuitive, a Feeling and a Judging. For an introvert characteristic, I am a good listeners and I like to listen more than talk. Before I speak or take action, I have to listen and think. When I do not energy, I can build my energy because it comes from me. I have many ways to getRead MoreMy Letter And Their Description1091 Words   |  5 PagesFirst part: My Four Letter and their description. My conformed profile is ENTJ, stands for Extravert, Intuitive, thinking, and judging. This means that in business and school I am very open to the external world, I like receiving information from internal and imaginative world, I am very logic so all the decisions I make are based on logical facts and reasons, and I like organizing, planning, and ordering everything before starting doing something. In other words, as an ENTJ, I do like to plan and

Chrysler in Trouble free essay sample

The automobile market is one of the most lucrative markets in the world. They have focused on international expansion since the late 1900s. This market has very successful international companies such as Mercedes-Benz, Lexis, Hyundai, Chrysler, Camry, Fiat, etc. All of these firms have held a position in the automobile industry. Even in economic hardships when demand for automobiles was decreased, the market did not faze them. Two firms prominent in this industry are Chrysler and Fiat which have both held successful positions in the late 1900s. Due to decreased market demand and lackluster products both firms have drastically diminished their market appeal. This has led to decreased profits which have led to European based company Fiat leaving the United States in the 1980s. American based firm Chrysler had to deal with sales drops and lack of demand. An alliance between both firms could potentially increase their customer base and future profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Chrysler in Trouble or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This could be a very lucrative business venture for both firms if successful. Chrysler an American corporation has held a strong position in the automobile industry in the earlier 1900s. Fiat an Italian corporation has one of the strongest corporations in Italy. Among the three most substantial United States automobile makers, Chrysler is the smallest one. This means that Chrysler’s stand in the automobile market needs much improvement. With the vast growing nature of the United States and international automakers, Chrysler has to improve their performance and appeal to even compete at their level. Chrysler filed for bankruptcy protection under section 364 of chapter 11 of the US bankruptcy code. Chrysler announced that it would establish a global strategic alliance with Fiat. CEO of Fiat Sergio Marchionne will take over as presidency of Chrysler as well. People want to know how the new management will not only affect the corporation but also the stakeholders that have invested in both companies. Introduction The Chrysler Corporation was founded by Walter Chrysler in 1924 out of what remained of the Maxwell Motor Company. Chrysler greatly expanded in 1928 when it acquired the Dodge Brothers Company and began selling vehicles under those brands; that same year it also established the Plymouth and DeSoto automobile brands. In the 1970s a number of factors including the 1973 oil crisis impacted Chryslers sales, and by the late 1970s, Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy. Lee Iacocca was brought in as CEO and is credited with returning the company to profitability in the 1980s. In 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation, which brought the profitable Jeep brand under the Chrysler umbrella. In 1998 Chrysler merged with German automaker Daimler-Benz AG to form DaimlerChrysler; the merger proved contentious with investors and Chrysler was sold to Cerberus Capital Management and renamed Chrysler LLC in 2007. Like the other Big Three automobile manufacturers, Chrysler was hit hard by the automotive industry crisis of 2008. Chrysler received billions of dollars in loans from the United States government in late 2008 and early 2009 to prevent it from shutting down. Chrysler filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on April 30, 2009. Chrysler should create a new company with Fiat in which Fiat would initially have a 20% stake, which would later be increased up to 35%. The Voluntary Employees Benefit Association (VEBA) would have a 55% stake in it, the US Treasury department an 8% stake. The Canadian and Ontario governments would have a combined 2% stake, with the Canadian government holding 1. 33%, and the Ontario government holding the remaining 0. 67% stake. Chapter One Situation Analysis 1. 1 Industry Overview The U. S. motor vehicle manufacturing industry employs 880,000 workers, or approximately 6. 6% of the U. S. manufacturing workforce, including those who work in the large motor vehicle parts manufacturing sector, as well as those who assemble motor vehicles. Since the beginning of the decade, the nations automotive manufacturing sector has eliminated more than 435,000 automotive manufacturing jobs (or an amount equal to about 3. 3% of all manufacturing jobs in 2008). The employment level first dipped below one million in 2007 and fell to 880,000 workers last year. With the restructuring and bankruptcy of Chrysler and General Motors, and the ongoing recession in the auto sector, employment in the nations automotive manufacturing industry will most likely shrink in 2009 and 2010 as additional assembly, powertrain, and auto parts plants close. Economically the automobile industry is an oligopoly. This is why the Big 3 remains the Big 3. The nature of building cars makes it difficult for small players to enter the market. The cost of entry is high. As an oligopoly, the Big 3 also tend to pay more attention to one another than to customers or competitors. If GM adds airbags, Chrysler and Ford add airbags. Being the smallest, Chrysler tends to follow rather than lead. Ideas generated outside the Big 3 tend to be ignored. When times are good, automakers can sell anything they can produce. That includes bad cars. But during recessions, automakers lose billions of dollars just maintaining operations. This is basically due to the high fixed costs. And those costs are getting higher as tight union contracts make labor a â€Å"fixed† cost. The industry consists of six segments: three mature markets (North America, Japan and Western Europe) and three emerging markets (Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe and Latin America). The leading competitors in the industry are the Big Three (GM, Chrysler and Ford) and the Japanese Manufacturers (Toyota, Honda, and Nissan). To gain market shares companies are concentrating towards continuous improvement, innovation and cost control. 1. 2 Strategic Group Mapping Fig. 1: Strategic Group Mapping 1. 3 Key Success Factors The automotive industry is one of the largest business sectors in America, employing thousands and creating products that affect the way people spend money in a major way. Though there are many ways for an automotive company to achieve success, every strong company in the industry must possess some key critical success factors to ensure long-term profitability. 1. 3. 1 Positive Image One critical factor that often defines an automotive company is its public image. Because buyers entrust their safety, along with a sizable portion of their income, to a car company, the perception of the company figures greatly in the buying decision. Factors influencing an automotive companys image include advertising, word of mouth and expert reviews and opinions. 1. 3. 2 Distribution Network A more practical critical success factor for any automotive company is a strong network for distribution. Because cars and trucks are not sold directly to customers, auto manufacturers rely on franchised dealerships to provide local showrooms. These dealers must be knowledgeable and reputable to sell cars, which is essential for the automaker. Like auto corporations, dealers are reliant on a positive image that may be influenced by, or influence in turn, the image of the automaker. 1. 3. 3 Cash Flow A healthy cash flow is another practical critical success factor. When an automaker provides incentives or lowers prices, it almost always sells more cars, but the profit margin may not be a healthy one. At the same time, an automaker needs to keep costs under control, including line items that are prone to fluctuation such as the price of raw materials and outsourced components. Achieving a sustainable cash flow is central to the frequent discussions between automakers and employee unions. 1. 3. 4 Compliance Automakers must also ensure that the vehicles they sell are in compliance with various federal and local regulations. These include emissions standards, fuel efficiency and safety standards. While it may cost less to produce vehicles that perform marginally in these areas, the cost of a safety recall or government-mandated repairs are often much higher and difficult to anticipate. . 3. 5 Flexibility An elusive critical success factor for the automotive industry is the ability to be flexible. American car buyers may change their buying habits quickly in response to factors like the state of the economy, the price of fuel and new automotive technologies. It is essential that automakers remain attentive to these trends and keep in place a system that can adapt quickly to create new products that meet the current and near-future needs of customers. 1. Indust ry Wide Strategic Issues 1. 4. 1 Globalization Hardly a new phenomenon, globalization in the automotive industry accelerated in the 1980s when Japanese automakers made significant headway in penetrating the U. S. market. Today, however, the pace of globalization has intensified and global sourcing has become a competitive imperative. At the same time, automotive companies see great potential in developing regions such as China and India as their consumer markets begin to emerge. Squeezed by intense competition — increasingly from new competitors in low-cost countries — as well as industry overcapacity, high labor costs in mature markets and customer resistance to price increases, automotive companies must establish sustainable and flexible cost structures, driving them to relocate global sourcing to â€Å"low-cost† regions, Asia, in particular. In addition, as they establish optimal global manufacturing capabilities, automotive companies also must refine their product development strategies to respond to the demands of these emerging markets. . 4. 2 Innovation with Limited Financial Resources Automotive companies face another dilemma: how to maintain innovation when financing is tight. The need to develop new technologies and innovative products able to lure consumers and provide a competitive edge has never been more important for maintaining profitability over the long term. Car buyers are looking for new features such as navigation to ols, entertainment options and safety improvements, but resist paying premiums for these advancements. Yet, given the cost and pricing pressures, automotive companies are finding it difficult to free internal financial resources for investment in research and development. At the same time, securing external funding also is more challenging as the industry has become less attractive for investors compared to other sectors, particularly in the short term. With financing tighter, automotive companies must pursue creative product solutions, leverage their internal strengths and, more often, make acquisitions and cement partnerships with companies that can help enhance and expand product offerings and spread investments over more units. . 4. 3 Leadership in the Automotive Industry Automotive companies also must be looking continually for new opportunities in the market. Every four to five years, you need to move on, either by making acquisitions or finding new market niches, otherwise your profitability drops. 1. 4. 4 Flexible Production and Cost Structure In response to the forces of glob alization, competition and pricing constraints, a key priority for nearly half of the automotive companies is establishing and maintaining a more variable cost structure. Another strategic priority, is maintaining a flexible production system to position the company to respond quickly to shifts in global demand. Automotive leaders must be able to manage cash and make costs more variable in order to adjust quickly to volatility in demand and respond to new opportunities. They do this through outsourcing, partnerships, technology innovation and new production methods. When 350 automotive executives were globally surveyed to get their views on the primary challenges facing the industry, the results were as follows: Fig. 2: Automotive Industry Challenges . 5 Competitive Situation Analysis 1. 5. 1 Porter Five-Force Model * Bargaining Power of Buyers is considered to be high due to the fact that there are competitive brands * Competitor Rivalry is high as the consumer considers cars as a commodity and hence there is surplus * Bargaining Power of Suppliers is high as they have some kind of control over the industry * Threat of New Entrants is low due to the huge investment required in capital, technologic, marketing * Threat of Substitutes is low as owning a car has always been a necessity . 6 Competitor Analysis Competitor| Strategy Used| Reason| Japanese Companies (Honda, Toyota) | Best Cost| Japanese automakers tried so hard to always stick to competitive prices with high quality | German Companies (Mercedes, BMW) | Focus Differentiation| German automakers have always been known by focusing on the best quality for the engine despite the cost | American Companies (Chrysler, Chevrolet, Ford, GM) | Broad Differentiation| Focused on differentiation themselves for the majority of the American consumer | . 7 Firm – Self Analysis 1. 7. 1 SWOT Strengths * Third largest automobile manufacturer in the US ever since 1928; domination of the minivan market * In 2008, there was 8% growth in sales outside the US * Chrysler Mexican, Canadian and other international operations were not part of the bankruptcy filing * Chrysler started a global corporate advertising campaign to restore confidence in the company Weaknesses * Declining sales made it difficult for Chrysler to continue * Chrysler idn’t benefit from the merger with Daimler and kept focusing on avoiding clashes * Poor Management resulted in drop in the market share during early 2000s * In the Fiat – Chrysler alliance, the company is to be owned by multiple owners Opportunities * Establishing a global strategic alliance with Fiat * The American government tried to position the bankruptcy as NOT a sign of weakness * Fiat would make available its entire product portfolio, along with its powertrain technology Threats * The fierce competition with the Japanese high performing, lower price cars * U. S economy is struggling and consumers aren’t spending as much money as they used 1. 7. 2 Firm Strategic Issues and Problems Poor Business Strategy Analysts attributed Chrysler’s financial problems to its poor business management. In the early 1970s, when fuel prices were going up and consumers in the United States started preferring fuel-efficient vehicles, Japanese companies like Toyota and Honda began coming out with compact and fuel-efficient cars to cater to these needs. However, Chrysler’s focus remained more on SUVs and trucks, leaving the Asian carmakers to capitalize on this change in consumer preferences. Other analysts criticized Chrysler’s decision to merge with Daimler. According to Iacocca, â€Å"Eaton50 panicked. We were making $1 billion a quarter and had $12 billion in cash, and while he said it was a merger of equals, he sold Chrysler to Daimler-Benz, when we should have bought them. †51 Similar analysts also criticized Daimler’s decision to run Chrysler as a stand-alone division. They opined that Daimler wanted to keep Chrysler separate from its luxury Mercedes-Benz marquee. By doing this, it did not take advantage of the benefits of developing vehicles together. Lack of Innovation According to analysts, Chrysler’s sluggishness in launching innovative models when its Japanese competitors kept coming out with new designs resulted in the company’s declining sales. Japanese companies continued to offer fuel-efficient vehicles, while Chrysler continued to produce fuel-guzzling trucks. Chrysler, which had been the innovator of automatic transmission, power steering, and brakes, just did not live up to the consumer’s expectations. Although it came up with some innovative products in the early 1980s, quality-related issues dented the brand image of its cars. After the merger with Daimler, Chrysler introduced some new models. However, those models did not get much consumer attention. Even after Cerberus bought a majority stake in Chrysler, the company could not invest enough money in research and development because of the declining sales of Chrysler’s vehicles. The U. S. Auto Task Force also commented in March 2009 that â€Å"Chrysler’s products have also historically underperformed in terms of quality, which remains a significant challenge. Unlike GM, which has had a number of successful recent product introductions and has developed a new global product development process that has promise, there are few tangible signs that Chrysler can reverse its share erosion. The Global Financial Crisis In 2008, the tight credit situation, volatility in the stock markets, problems in the U. S. housing market, increases in unemployment, and declines in incomes started affecting consumer spending. As a result, the U. S. car market was also badly affected. Those who wanted to purchase vehicles found it difficult to get loans or found the available financing too expensive. In 2008, the U. S. auto industry experienced its worst year since 1992. The total sales of cars and light trucks were 13. million, a decline of 18% compared to 2007. The United States was the largest market for Chrysler. As of November 2008, 73 percent of its sales were from the U. S. , 61 percent of its vehicles were produced in the country, 78 percent of its materials were purchased in the U. S. and 62 percent of its dealers were based in the U. S. As Chrysler’s market was restricted to the United States alone, the global financial crisis which originated in the country affected it s sales badly, leaving the company struggling to carry on its business.

Organizational Strategy and Leadership †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Strategy and Leadership. Answer: Introduction In this report, various types of theories and models will explain the significance of strategic management of Tesco. Besides that, in order to achieve desired goals and objectives, the management of Tesco needs to focus on three major factors such as generic business strategy, organisational culture and formal organizational structure. Besides that, strategic planning is playing an essential role which helps an organization to meet desired goals. The leaders of an organization should develop strategies for organizational growth and improvement. Moreover, organizational culture is another important factor which can lead to success. Along with that, different types of culture will be discussed in this report. In addition, how Tesco manage strategic diversion and organizational structure of Tesco will also explain in this report through proper argument and justification (Hoffmann, 2016). Background of company Tesco is a retailer chain of the UK which was found by Jack Cohen in 1919. Besides that, Tesco Plc is one of the giant multinational grocery and general retailer which has thousands of customer base and support. In order to expand the business, Tesco focused on various marketing strategy and different strategic dimensions. Moreover, Tesco Plc has many branches across the UK. Strategy of dimensions (process) There are different types of strategic dimensions used by Tesco plc in order to expand the business such as product development process, marketing planning and customer service process. Each and every type of strategic dimensions include specific significance, and these dimensions are discussed below: Product development process It is one of the significant processes of any organization. Besides that, an effective relationship can be created between the customers and the company through quality products. In addition, the product development process includes the significant contribution of the skilled and efficient employees. Besides that, the management of Tesco needs to focus on the product development process for increase the level of customer satisfaction. In addition, the raw materials are playing an essential role in product development process. Marketing plan The marketing plan is an essential element of an organization which provides a proper direction to the management in order to achieve desired goals and objectives. Besides that, the marketing manager is the key player who develops the marketing plan. Along with that, various types of marketing tools and techniques are used to implement a proper marketing plan which can enhance the probability of the organization (Bly, 2007). Besides that, Tesco plc has a solid and productive marketing plan which is influenced by the mission and vision of the organization. Apart from that, the marketing plan of Tesco includes some critical aspects such as marketing mix. In addition, the marketing mix contains four major aspects such as product, price, promotion and place. Moreover, each and every part of the marketing mix is critically express the brand value of Tesco. Customer service Tesco has thousands of customers who are being satisfied by the quality service of Tescos customer care executives. Moreover, the management of Tesco appointed skilled and qualified customers to care executives at help desk by which the customers can easily solve problems through effective communication. Besides that, Tesco also helps out the customers through online. In other words, Tesco plc has developed and advanced website which is mainly used to give feedback to the customers (Machado, 2012). Recruitment and selection process The human resource management of Tesco is dealing with the selection process. In other words, the HR managers are playing an essential role in selection and recruitment process (Dubois, 2004). Generic business strategy A business strategy is a tool which enhances the profitability of the organization through the effective and proper application. Besides that, the concept of the generic business strategy was introduced by Porter. In addition, Porters generic business is a famous theory which includes four significant factors such as cost leadership, cost focus, differentiation and differentiation focus (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). Each and every factor of generic business strategy help the organization to reduce additional cost through implementing effective and efficient marketing strategies. Besides that, with the help of business strategy, Tesco can meet desired goals and objectives. Along with that, Tesco already successful applied various marketing strategies for improved business performance. In addition, cost leadership strategy is one of the effective segment of Tesco which effectively impact the organizational structure. Apart from that, the leaders of Tesco have recognized pos sible marketing criteria and reduce additional cost. In other words, the production cost has been reduced by the leaders of Tesco in order to increase revenue (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). On the other side, cost focus is also an effective business strategy which increases the profitability of Tesco. In other words, Tesco mainly reduces the cost through applying employee turnover. In addition, Tesco provides high salary to their employees which sometimes effects the financial stability of the organization. Moreover, by applying employee turnover strategy, the management of Tesco can terminate inactive employees who are paid lots of amounts. Apart from that, the differentiation strategy is another important strategy which is implemented by Tesco in order to improve the organizational performance. In addition, the differentiation strategy includes innovative and attractive product concept which are not accessible by other competitors. In other words, Tesco offers some excl usive products and services which cannot be served by their competitors. Along with that, differentiation strategy includes three major segments such as good research, ability to provide high-quality service and products and effective sales and marketing process. Aside from that, each and every segment of the differentiation strategy helps Tesco to grab the whole retailer industry of the UK. Along with that, proper marketing research is required to develop proper product development process (Jeannet and Hennessey, 2004). In other words, with the help of effective market research process, the actual requirement of the customers can be analysed and determined by the organization. Moreover, the researcher uses questionnaire which includes research questions for analysing current market opportunities. On the other hand, the management needs to provide high-quality products and services in order to increase the profit and organisational performance. In addition, Tesco needs to provide effective and high-quality service and products to their customers for incre asing the level of customer satisfaction. Moreover, the final segment of the differentiation strategy is effective sales and marketing process. In other sense, the promotional strategy is a part of marketing process which is applied by many famous organizations. Besides that, Tesco implemented online marketing which is an effective promotional strategy. Along with that, low price strategy is one of the effective sales strategy which can attract many customers. In addition, most of the customers are price-sensitive, and they want high-quality products in low price(Osterwalder et al., 2015). Framework According to contingency theory, the working framework can improve the empowerment of an organization. In other words, the management of Tesco needs to provide a positive working environment to the employee for developing a working framework. Along with that, organizational culture and organizational structure both are playing an essential role in order to develop a proper working framework inside an organization. On the other hand, the management of Tesco needs to focus on the working environment for developing a better working framework(Osterwalder et al., 2015). GPS The utilization of GPS is mainly extended for tracking purpose. The full form of GPS is a global positing system which means that Tesco mainly uses the GPS in order to track the service or product delivery process. Moreover, with the help of GPS, Tesco can also track the movement of their employees. Organisation culture Organizational culture plays an important role in running a business. Organizational culture means how the members or the employees of the company behaves with each other in their workplace. Each employee have different behaviour, when they are able to link up the different behaviors which call the unique culture of an organization (Stanford, 2010). On the other words, the organizational culture which is a method of communal principles, postulation and values that direct how the employees behave in the workplace. Every organization keep their organizational culture. The administrative culture shows their act, dress and attractive behaviour. A proper culture of the organization can hold the image of the company. On the other hand, the organizational culture of Tesco is mainly influenced by effective customer service and high quality products (Stanford, 2010). Along with that, the culture of Tesco is also measured by effective management performance. Besides that, Tesco includes some effective management process which helps Tesco to conduct a successful organizational culture. In addition, the organizational culture and organizational structure both are interrelated with each other and affect the organizational performance. Thus, the structure of Tesco is also measured by effective team performance and high-quality customer service. Apart from that, the interrelation between organizational culture and organizational structure is simple and effective. Moreover, the organizational culture of Tesco is mainly controlled and managed by the leaders (Gabriel, 2007). Organizational structure The organizational structure is one of the significant element of an organization which is influenced by various theories like marketing mix theory. Besides that, the formal structure of the business includes various dimensions such as production department, human resource management, sale and marketing department and customer care department. Each and every management help Tesco in order to provide a formal structure to the organization (Gabriel, 2007). Moreover, in this report, various types management process are analysed which provides a formal structure to the organization. Besides that, according to path-goal theory, the leadership styles critically affect the organization in order to provide a formal structure. In addition, there are various types of leadership styles used by many organizations to provide a formal structure to the organization. Along with that, according to Democratic leadership model, the leaders of Tesco are following the democratic leadership which is based on co-relation with the employees. In other words, a formal structure can be developed by the only effective relationship with the managers and employees (Ashkenas et al., 2015). On the other hand, according to the Democratic leadership, the leaders of Tesco involve the decision of the followers before conducting any serious decision-making process which can affect the organizational performance. Along with that, the leaders of Tesco is following some qualities of transactional leadership such as employee motivation and employee engagement. Types of organizational culture Clan culture- The team builders, counsellor and organizer of the company make the team inside the workplace. They divide the employees of the organization in different departments and teach them about the work. According to these, they also should encourage their workers so that they can do their work properly(Clifford and Thorpe, 2007). They also follow the employee's working activities and also notice their involvement to complete the work in the organization. Market culture- After starting a business, every organization wants to reach the high position in the market. For this reason, product develop is necessary by the demand of the customers. Customers always want good quality products at reasonable price. If the organization is able to provide good quality products and satisfy the customer, then it will be very beneficial for the company. Good products increase the number of customers for the organization. On the other side, a good image also makes them able to compete with others or enhance the competitiveness between them. For getting the success in business market segmentation is needed(Clifford and Thorpe, 2007). Adhocracy culture- In the organization, the employees take the risk on their work and the leader help them to overcome the situation. Adhocracy culture is a creative and active working atmosphere. To reach the long term goal, the employees of the organization needs to continue the developing process. The better and new products help them to get success(Arthur, 2008). Purpose/aim Effective organization culture of an organization, improve the behavior of the employees and make them able to communicate with their clients, partners and customers. Providing good service is very beneficial for an organization. The culture of a particular organization shows a significant title role in the organizational strategic management(Arthur, 2008). Culture make the employees efficient for providing good service which attracts the consumers most. Therefore, there are many important functions which are totally related with the culture of the organization. The impact of organizational culture on consumers- The employees of the organization should take the responsibility of providing effective service to their consumers. It helps them to maintain the image of the organization in front of them(Gamble, 2014). On the other side, an organization need to maintain loyalty about their products. A proper organizational culture drifts to use the time for giving reinforcing, teaching and training to their employees about how to how to communicate with the customers and how to provide quality service to them. The impact of organizational culture on employees- Organizational vulture, creates an effect on the employee's work activities. The culture of the organization teach them how to complete their task and reach their goals(Gamble, 2014). According to these, it also helps them to take right decisions for any crucial time. When they make themselves able to accept the organizational culture, then they satisfy the job and also able to get lots of opportunities. According to research, the organizational culture makes impression on workers task enthusiasm, work interest and artistic capability(Woodside, 2010). Benefits/Challenges The organizational culture is one of the practical element of Tesco which influence the organizational structure. In addition, the organizational culture and organizational structure both are interrelated with each other and effect the organizational performance. Thus, the management needs to focus various departmental process on analysing current position of the organization(Woodside, 2010). Thus, the structure of Tesco is also measured by effective team performance and high-quality customer service. Sometimes, due to poor communication, the management of Tesco faces difficulties which occur customer dissatisfaction. In other words, the organizational culture can enhance the level of customer dissatisfaction which is based on poor understanding of the management(Woodcock, Stone and Foss, 2007). Apart from that, the interrelation between organizational culture and organizational structure is simple and effective. In other words, the managers and leaders of Tesco should provide effect ive training which can increase the skills and abilities of the employees for better performance. Moreover, the organizational culture of Tesco is mainly controlled and managed by the leaders. Conclusion This report is based on various types of marketing strategy, and implication of different strategic dimensions are explained with proper arguments and justification. Besides that, various types of organizational culture and its effect on the organization are also discussed on the basis of concrete evidence. Moreover, different types of marketing strategies of Tesco are also explored in this report(Woodcock, Stone and Foss, 2007). In addition, the decision-making process of Tesco is mainly influenced by strategic dimensions. In other words, Tesco can improve their organizational culture and structure by effective communication skills. Along with that, the brand value and reputation of the organization both can be developed through effective communication systems. Besides that, with the help of effective training programs, Tesco can improve the communication skills of both managers and the employees. Thus, in order to improve the organizational culture, the management of Tesco should d evelop a healthy relationship with both the employees and the customers. In other words, with the help of strong relationship with employees, the work coordination will be improved. References Arthur, D. (2008).Performance appraisals. 1st ed. New York: American Management Association. Ashkenas, R., Kerr, S., Jick, T. and Ulrich, D. (2015).The boundaryless organization. 1st ed. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. Bly, R. (2007).The marketing plan handbook. 1st ed. Clifford, J. and Thorpe, S. (2007).Workplace learning development. 1st ed. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Dubois, D. (2004).Competency-based human resource management. 1st ed. Palo Alto, Calif.: Davies-Black Pub. Gabriel, K. (2007). Organizational Development, Organizational Culture and Organizational Change.SSRN Electronic Journal. Gamble, J. (2014).Multinational retailers and consumers. 1st ed. [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan. Hoffmann, E. (2016).Co-operative workplace dispute resolution. 1st ed. London: Routledge. Jeannet, J. and Hennessey, H. (2004).Global Marketing Strategies. 1st ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Johnson, G., Whittington, R. and Scholes, K. (2011).Exploring corporate strategy. 1st ed. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Machado, R. (2012).Customer service. 1st ed. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G., Smith, A. and Papadakos, T. (2015).Value Proposition Design. 1st ed. Somerset: Wiley. Stanford, N. (2010).Organisation culture. 1st ed. London: Profile Books. Woodcock, N., Stone, M. and Foss, B. (2007).The customer management scorecard. 1st ed. [Farmington Hills, Mich.]: Thomson Gale. Woodside, A. (2010).Organizational culture, business-to-business relationships, and interfirm. 1st ed. Bingley, UK: Emerald.

60s America Through Images free essay sample

The 1960s proved a tumultuous time for the United States in how there were so many historical developments in the mere space of a decade. Throughout the 60s Americans experienced and witnessed many events such as war, civil rights campaigns and protests, assassinations, technological developments and the emergence of a popular culture and counterculture. Photography came to the fore at the start of the 20th century and a huge emphasis was put on the visual to experience culture. The historical developments of the 60s can be seen clearly through the visual culture as they portray the historical events of the time through the medium of imagery. With the growing popularization of television, imagery could be rapidly distributed to each home and this is one of the main reasons that visual culture had such a profound effect on those who witnessed the events portrayed. â€Å"By the end of the decade 90% of Americans had access to television sets† this staggering amount of led to a high level of influence though reception of imagery. We will write a custom essay sample on 60s America Through Images or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance when we look at the portrayal of the typical American family one would often see an image of a close-knit family sitting together watching television. In the space of a decade from the 1950s television was incorporated in the American family (see fig. 1. ). Pictures such as this defined the family of the late 50s early 60s and incorporated the television into American families. With the television being a vital part of family life there was a constant flow of imagery available for the family to view. We can clearly see through images such as this that the US population began to regularly consume what the television provided. The photograph captures the importance television as a family pastime and how it gradually became the main focus of family time. Therefore we can see that the visual culture through the media such as television, newspapers and the images they provided to the population had a serious impact on historical developments of the 1960s. Information was constantly received by the population usually alongside images of events and the visual culture affected the historical developments of the 60s in how it influenced reactions to events. It is also evident that visual culture heavily influenced the 1960s due to the amount of images and videos from the time that are still available for viewing today. Figure 1. Everett F. Baumgardner. Family watching Television. 1958. Photograph. Nation Archives and Records of Administration. http://web. archive. org/web/20071226081329/teachpol. tcnj. edu/amer_pol_hist/thu mbnail427. htm One of the most important events to happen in the 1960s which greatly affected the US was its part of was the Vietnamese War. The war had a vital part in the 60s decade as it spanned through the whole of the 60s up until 1975. The war was the first of its kind as it was reported in great detail through television and newspapers. Essentially the Vietnam War and visual culture of the time went hand in hand as the relationship between the two was constant throughout the 60s. For over a decade people could get a visual insight into the war which had never been available before and many believe this is one of the main reasons that the US lost the war. President Lyndon seen this and argued that â€Å"if the previous wars had been televised, the United States would not have preserved in fighting them. Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman would have lost support for their policies even as he lost support for his, forcing the abandonment of his campaign for his re-election. † It was due to the constant visual bombardment of the ugly realities of war on the US people that turned them against the war and forced many to protest the war (fig. 2 and fig. 3). Figure 2. Horst Faas. A father holds the body of a child. 1964. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ . Figure3. Horst Faas. Lt. Col. George Eyster of Florida. 1966. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ Photographers such as Horst Fass gained their reputation for showing the horrors of the Vietnamese war through their photographs. Faas captured some of the most controversial photographs that showed the suffering of both sides of the war. When we look at these photos we can see the influence of the Vietnamese War on the visual culture of the United States. Pictures such as these were received on a daily basis and they dominated the decade visually becoming some of the most well known images from the 60s and the war itself. The graphic pictures show the ugly side of the Vietnamese War and photographs such as the father clutching his daughter’s body in front of soldiers dealt with the death of civilians while the photo of injured soldiers showed frailty of US troops. At the time these photographs seen showed the truth about the war and Fass would go on to win a Pulitzer Prize for his work in Vietnam. When we look these images it is clear that both reflect on the dark chaos of the war and the ugly realities which the civilian population had never seen before. The visual culture greatly affected the population’s war morale as it provided frail images of US soldiers either dead or wounded something which was not shown in previous wars. The reporting of the Second World War and the Korean War was different in that it was filtered with most hearing reports through radio broadcasts and newspapers which were controlled by the government. By the 60s there had been major developments in media reporting in that they had become more liberated. By the 60s multiple channels were emerging with their own news reporters providing multiple stories and recounts of different parts of the war. Therefore there was a vast increase in the amount of broadcasts and images being sent into the American homes greatly influencing a majority of the population. With photographers such as Faas working in Vietnam and capturing images showing innocent civilians being killed the United States population saw an unseen side to its army throughout the Vietnamese war as the army was shown in a very negative view. It can clearly be seen that photographers such as Faas greatly influenced the visual culture of the US throughout the 60s and these images had a significant impact in historical developments leading to the war effort becoming unpopular and encouraging anti war efforts. Figure 4. Ron Haeberle. My Lai Massacre. 1968. Photograph. Available at Life Magazine. Vol. 67. No. 23 . The negative view of the US army was perhaps most emphasised in the My Lai massacre in 1968. Throughout past wars the US army was seen as a symbol of justice and a manifestation of the good in that they were fighting to save the world but with the emergence of images and reports of events such as the Mai Lai Massacre there morality and ethics were questioned. Some even compared the US army to the Germans of World War Two in their way of psychologically thinking. â€Å"Two researchers concluded that Americans were deflecting the responsibility with the same defence mechanism the Germans used to rationalize the Holocaust. † The photography which emerged from the massacre by Ron Haeberle shocked the world and spurred many of the US into protesting against the war. (Fig4. Here we can clearly see why many considered comparing the US army’s actions to that of the German holocaust, the brutality and graphic detail which Haeberle’s photos captured had never been so widely distributed before. The terror on the faces or the sheer number of bodies appearing in some of the images had not been captured on camera before and these pictures were seen by thousands when they were published in magazines such as Life and greatly affected the visual culture intake of the American population. These particular photos had a huge influence on historical developments later in the war such as the protests and the investigations into what happened in the war. From looking at images such as photographs taken from the 1960s we can clearly see that the Vietnam had a huge influence on visual culture at the time and visual culture that would later emerge in the 70s. This was due to the fact that the war took up so many aspects of American life as it was a constant through the entire decade of the 60s. Regular exposure to the ugly realities of battle is thought to have turned the public against the war, forcing withdrawal of American troops and leaving the way clear for eventual Communist victory. †The visual culture was hugely influenced by the Vietnam War in the 60s it was mostly through photography and videos shown to the public by the media but later it influenced visual culture through art such as sculpture and painting. After the war ended in 1975 countless memorials were erected and many artists were inspired by the photographs this is evident in the sculpture The Three Soldiers Memorial sculpted in 1984 by Frederick Hart displayed in Washington. From looking at the Vietnam War throughout the 60s it is evident that it influenced the future of the visual culture as much as the visual culture influenced the developments of the war. The 60s decade can be defined as a decade of social revolution within the US. Many different causes gained strength and a massive following through their protests to further their cause. During this decade many protested for different reasons such as anti-war campaigners and those looking for the equal rights. There were movements for many different causes such as the African American civil rights movement, Hispanic and Chicano movement and the Gay Rights movement. For example with the Vietnamese War came protests against the war throughout the 60s. Those who were influenced by the atrocities shown in reports and images sent from Vietnam protested avidly throughout the 60s hence we can say the visual culture of the US had a great influence on the historical developments of the 60s, However although in the 60s protesting became very popular it was introduced through the Civil Rights movements in the late fifties early 60s and its idea of peaceful protesting. The 60s became a time associated with protest due to the vast amounts of protests staged for different reasons throughout the 60s. One of the major protest movements of the 60s was the Civil Rights Movement. These protests initially started in the late 50s but peaked in the 60s and were a catalyst of many other protests in the 60s. Those who protested for civil rights did so in a peaceful way and this greatly influenced the other protests such as the anti-war protests. Once again we can see that the visual culture through the medium of photography greatly influenced the development of these protests. Once again the population of the US was provided with images shocking to behold. The most influential case is perhaps the protest in Birmingham Alabama in 196 where the police reacted with unneeded violence. â€Å"Many argue that the dramatic clashes between nonviolent civil rights demonstrators and southern law enforcement in Birmingham and Selma were the principle impetus behind the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, respectively. † Photographers of the time captured the violence of the police force and once again widely distributed and impacted on the community causing widespread support for the movement. When we look at what photographers such as Bill Hudson and Bob Adelman captured in their photographs we can see why the visual culture had such an impact on the historical developments regarding the Civil Rights Movement (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The image of the youth being attacked by the police dog is very harrowing and controversial, through this image the US seen the severity of racism and its unneeded violence. This photo became a huge part of the visuality of the Civil Rights Campaign’s attempt to gain support from the rest of the US population due to the severity of the photo and how controversial it was. Meanwhile Hudson’s photo of the protestors grouping together to take cover from water cannons can be seen as a symbol of unification of the protestors against the oppression of the police force and the city of Birmingham. There are countless images such as these two that were taken from the Birmingham Campaign This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured in photography and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to desegregation and equal opportunity for the coloured population. This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other coloured people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured through the photographers and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to the gradual desegregation of the US and eventual equal opportunity for the coloured population. Figure 5. Bill Hudson. Birmingham Protest. 1963. Photograph. Available at Iconic photos http://iconicphotos. wordpress. om/2010/06/26/birmingham/. Figure6. Bob Adelman. Ingram Park Birmingham. 1963. Photograph. Available at J. Paul Getty Museum. http://www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=258562 . The Civil Rights Movement provided an example of peaceful protest which became a popular way of protesting throughout the 60s. The social group which held a majority of the protests at the time were third level students . â€Å"From the civil rights demonstrations of the early sixties, students have turned to protest both the war in Vietnam and the policies of their schools. It is no exaggeration to give college students credit for making Vietnam a national issue. †They were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and based their protests on the same ideology in peaceful protests. The 60s were a time of constant protest for students. The issues of the student protest movements range from racial discrimination, the war on poverty, and the war in Vietnam, to particular policies of the universities. However it was the anti- war protests that spurred the most conflict between the students and the authorities. The visual culture made impressions in developing the protests through the use of printing presses as seeing photos such as Faas’ or Adelman’s spurred the student bodies into action. With the emergence of the My Lai massacre and other such atrocities protests escalated to a climax at the end of the 60s with the Columbia University protests of 1968. Students discovered that the university was secretly affiliated with the Department of Defence’s weapon research and openly protested this affiliation with occupying university buildings and this eventually led to their violent removal. However it was this violence by the authorities that increased support for the protestors. â€Å"In his study of the Columbia Crisis in the spring of 1968, Barton (1968) found that the use of excessive police force against demonstrators had the effect of increasing the sympathy of faculty and students for the tactics (a sit-in and a general strike) employed by the demonstrators. † This violence recorded through the news and photographs once again captivated the US and encouraged many to take part in the protests (Fig. 7). The imagery taken from the by photographers such as Morris captured the harsh measures the authorities and when these pictures were published in newspapers and magazines people began to empathize with the protestors. It is evident in each movement that the media greatly influenced the historical developments through imagery such as photography. Through photography and the media it can be said that the visual culture impacted the outcome of many movements such as the African-American civil rights movements, the anti-war protests and the gradual end of the war. Figure 7. Larry C. Morris. Police forcing Columbia Students out. 968. Photograph. Available at The New York Times. Imagery was a huge part of protests throughout the 60s through photographs of the events but other visuals emerged with the protestor’s use of posters. With the gradual growth of homemade printing presses simple yet colourful posters began to emerge at protests. At protests there was a constant bombardment of simple yet very controversial. The poster entitled ‘it’s the real thing for S. E. Asia’ was simple, eye catching and precise the bright colour of the posters caught bystander’s eyes and presented its argument outwardly in the face of the public (Figure 8. . Posters such as the ‘it’s the real thing for S. E Asia’ were a common site at protests against Vietnam and mocked capitalism and the military tactics that were employed during the time. These protests were against the stupidity and brutality of the war emerged in the early 60s with controversial posters such as this one becoming a more common sight. Anti-war protests provided the majority of the controversial posters as they attempted to highlight the problems with the war. By nature these posters

3 Different Learning Styles Essay Example

3 Different Learning Styles Essay Example 3 Different Learning Styles Essay 3 Different Learning Styles Essay If you scored mostly as you may have a visual learning style. You learn by seeing and looking. |Visual Learners | take numerous detailed notes tend to sit in the front are usually neat and clean often close their eyes to visualize or remember something find something to watch if they are bored like to see what they are learning benefit from illustrations and presentations that use color are attracted to written or spoken language rich in imagery prefer stimuli to be isolated from auditory and kinesthetic distraction find passive surroundings ideal If you scored mostly bs, you may have an auditory learning style. You learn by hearing and listening. |Auditory Learners | sit where they can hear but neednt pay attention to what is happening in front may not coordinate colors or clothes, but can explain why they are wearing what they are wearing and why hum or talk to themselves or others when bored acquire knowledge by reading aloud remember by verbalizing lessons to themselves (if they dont they have difficulty reading maps or diagrams or handling conceptual assignments like mathematics).If you had mostly cs, you may have a kinesthetic learning style. You learn by touching and doing. |Kinesthetic Learners | need to be active and take frequent breaks speak with their hands and with gestures remember what was done, but have difficulty recalling what was said or seen find reasons to tinker or move when bored rely on what they can directly experience or perform activities such as cooking, construction, engineering and art help them perceive and learn enjoy field trips and tasks that invol ve manipulating materials sit near the door or someplace else where they can easily get up and move around are uncomfortable in classrooms where they lack opportunities for hands-on experience communicate by touching and appreciate physically expressed encouragement, such as a pat on the back

Describe a balanced, integrated learning experience that would extend Essay

Describe a balanced, integrated learning experience that would extend the child(ren)'s learning in the area of interests, sicenc - Essay Example Geist (2001) contends that quantification is the basis for formal math. It synthesizes order by allowing an individual to count chronologically in a specific sequence and each object is counted only once. Babbington (2003) believes that opportunities abound to learn math and these need to be maximized by allowing children to engage in the activities themselves. Science The children’s own observations and comparisons (smooth wood vs. hard wood; sinking vs. floating) remained active throughout their play. DeBoo (2006) believes that observation is the most important skill in enquiry. Putting the wooden boats in the water, they explored how each will move by pushing it real hard. They discovered that some things float and some things sink. This shows that the children have pre-knowledge of the concepts of force and inertia and sinking and floating. While playing, their minds remain active and constantly coming up with new ideas. Paula observed that her boat does not go straight an d just goes around in circles. At this point, she may be associating her boat’s shape with the direction it goes. She thinks having a more triangular front will make it go faster. Another idea is Hone’s perception that his boat will be more stable if he adds more pieces of wood to it to balance it and make it float better. This is another example of scientific knowledge in physics although it is not explicit. Discovering a bumble bee in the water was another stimulant for scientific thinking. Paula knows that it can swim and may sting if touched. This is knowledge of biology and how living things survive. This may have been learned from previous experience or discussion about bees. It is good for children to be exposed to learning about their physical world. They are encouraged to develop an understanding of what things are made of and how other objects can associate with it (Backshall, n.d.) Technology In the beginning of the story, Hone volunteered to get hammer and nails for Paula because they wanted to build their own boats from scratch. Both children were familiar with the tools. However, since they are very young and still lacking in motor skills, they decided to collaborate in using the technology. While Hone hammers in the nail, Paula was tasked to hold on to the nail while she held it down with pliers. Not convinced that the boat will be fast enough, Paula suggested hers will have a â€Å"sharp bit at the front, like a triangle† and knew that she needed a saw to contour her boat. Howitt et al. (2007) believe that science should be hands-on and the manipulation of technology such as the tools of hammer & nails and saw is a reflection that children are allowed to explore and do science in their environment. Reference Babbington, S. (2003). The magic of early childhood mathematics. In Ministry of Education, Convention proceedings: Papers presented at the 8th Early Childhood Convention, 22-25 September 2003, Palmerston North/Manawatu, New Zealand. Backshall, B. ( ) Science for Infants and Toddlers. The First Years: New Zealand Journal of Infant and Toddler Education, Vol. 2, Issue 2. DeBoo, M. (2006) Chapter 16: Science in the Early Years Geist, E. (2001) Children are Born Mathematicians: Promoting the Construction of Early Mathematical Concepts in Children Under Five, Young Children, July, 2001 Howitt, C., Morris, M., & Colvill, M. (2007). Science teaching and learning in the early childhood years. In V. Dawson & G. Venville (Eds.), The art of teaching primary science (pp. 233-247).

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Also, it is a sports drink which hydrates human body as well gives guaranteed additional 6 hours of energy for performing the daily activities. This marketing plan is meant to be effective only in the United States and as of now the company does not have any plans to operate in the overseas market. The study carried out a detailed analysis of the energy drink market of USA in order to get an idea of the business environment. The study revealed that the industry is fiercely competitive due to the presence of a large number of established players. However, Coca Cola being an established firm will get certain advantages in the market such as the brand identity and trust of consumers. The short term objective of the company is to create awareness of the product and achieve 2-5% of the market share by the end of the 1st year. In order to achieve it, the company has been strongly recommended to use a variety of promotional techniques and pursue a competitive pricing strategy. In addition, intensive distribution and entering into a treaty with sports companies has also been recommended. Situation Analysis Before the launch of a new product in the market, it is essential to perform a thorough analysis of the external business environment of a country. In addition, the industry in which the business will operate also needs to be assessed. Apart from that it is also essential to assess the competitors and customers. The sections below will try to examine the aforementioned factors and draw a conclusion based on which the marketing strategy for the energy drink will be designed. Description of the Product The product which will be marketed is an energy drink named as Hydra-Energy Shot. The product generally falls into the category of sports beverage product and is meant for providing additional energy to the consumers. The product can be described as smooth in taste, contains added electrolyte, Vitamin B12 (for energy), assorted fruit flavors and low in calorie. The produ ct promises to provide an additional 6 hours of energy to the consumers for performing their routine activities. Customer Analysis A business cannot operate in vacant and requires a base of customers for continuing operation and sustaining in the marketplace over a long period of time. The analysis of the customer is the recording and evaluating the data associated with the needs of consumers as well as market trends. Hydra-Energy Shot will principally target sportspersons. In addition, the product is also targeted for office goers and individuals who work out at different fitness centers. Energy drinks generally falls into the group of functional beverages and encompasses ‘nutraceutical’ and sports drinks. The share of the same is presented in the figure below: - Figure 1 – Market Share breakdown of Functional Beverages (Source: Heckman, Sherry & De Mejia, 2010) Sports drinks are essentially designed to consume before or during the process of action so as to pre vent any kind of dehydration and supply carbohydrate and electrolytes for maintaining proper metabolism in the system (Coombes & Hamilton 2000). Smith Kline Beecham Energy & Sports Drinks Report suggests that in the USA, around 53% of the people who consumes energy or sports drinks are within the age group of 14-34 years. Initially, athletes are the sole consumers of energy drinks, but the course of time and increased awareness the market grew tremendously and expanded to other niche segments. A study by Mintel (2009) made

Customer contact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer contact - Essay Example Since customer contact employees are the front-liners in every business experience, they should have the qualities which can help ensure the retention of old customers and attraction of new ones. According to DMG Consultancy LLC, customer contact agents should â€Å"demonstrate service excellence; apply in-depth product, procedure and system knowledge to produce optimal outcomes and process outstanding oral, written and interpersonal skills†. In order to give excellent service, an employee must know the basics of his task such as job descriptions, extent and limitations of his jurisdiction and other important matters. â€Å"The contact center is a critical area where the customer’s experience and attitude towards the company are developed† (Prunty & Pritchard).Therefore, one should be trained for him to be able to properly and efficiently perform his duties for a highly satisfactory service. It is not enough that an employee knows the primary information about co mpany and his responsibilities but one should also study the customers because â€Å"a problem is created when contact centers take action without really understanding their customers† (Prunty, et.al.). In addition, applying in-depth product, procedure and system knowledge cannot simply be done by informing an employee about them. He should be trained to perform such duties so that he will not waste his time experimenting on what must be done and perhaps during the process, jeopardize the business. The customer contact employee has the power to make a business a failure or success (DMG Consultancy, Prunty, et.al.) depending on one’s training or the lack of it. Training employees give them a well-defined description of their tasks, empowering them to achieve gains for the organization and customers (Blancero & Johnson). It must be noted that in the world of business, more and

Information Systems in Retail and Fashion: Zara

Information Systems in Retail and Fashion: Zara Fashion industry is one of the most competitive markets with many competitions between companies and brands. Among those, Zara from Inditex has stood out as a unique organization with special knowledge and abilities in revolutionary supply chance, processes, management style and implementation of Information and Information Technology. This report aims to analyse the reason and the contribution of Information System and Information Technology in this success. INTRODUCTION Recently Inditex, the parent company that owns Zara, has received new members to the Board of Directors who have vast experience and knowledge of finance. However they have little understanding about the Fashion Industry and Information Technology. The intention of the following report is to give the new members a concise overview of the fashion industry, Zara and the importance of the relation they have with Information Technology. In order to do that, this report will cover topics such as, the Fashion Industry, the success of Zara in the Fashion Industry, the importance of Supply Management in Zaras success and the use of Information Technology in Zaras fashion business model. BODY Fashion a competitive industry The fashion world is very complex; it is not only about the appearance. There are many factors which contribute to the fashion industry such as: culture, style, creativity and many more. The fashion world is competitive because different people have different taste. Businesses wants to capture the trend to suit peoples desire before their competitors. The clothing reflects on the personality and characteristic of the person, which therefore creates options for businesses as they can choose their preferred target. This could also be due to the culture impact as this is where a persons personality is developed. This is one reason as to why the fashion industry produces different type products. Also businesses depends on the BIG BRAND fashion shows, so they can create new styles which are similar to those seen on the show to attract more customers. Also businesses needs to be able to keep up with the trend in order stratify their customers, as fashion world changing frequently. Clothes can reflect on your social status which can be clearly defined in the word brand. Brand is an additional reason which makes the fashion world competitive. Rich people will feel good to have luxury goods which are called big brands because their status are reflected upon these. Well known brands present their product as high quality. Therefore the middle level brand and non brand forms, encourages people with lower purchasing power to buy clothes. Consequently everyone is able to buy clothes they desire. Success of Zara Zara is considered to be one of the pioneers of fast fashion industry and has been dominating the fashion industry across the world for almost two decades. Some aspects that lead to Zaras success are as follows: Zara is able to adapt to the changing market trends very quickly and meet the customer demands based on the research on current market trends. One of the important key factors that were essential for the success of Zara was, they had their art head quarters with designers, factories and distribution centres all onsite. While most of the competitors moved Far East for much cheaper production, Zara decided to make the clothes at Spain to reduce the lead times and could also make the clothes faster and get them to stores at much faster rate. Another aspect is to supply small amounts to each store and monitor which design sold more and produce the design that makes the maximum sale, instead of holding stocks at inventory. The store managers take the task of monitoring the design which sells more and transform it to production managers and they decide how many garments are to be manufactured and transported to the local shops. Zara maintained a short lead time to keep up with the fast fashion supply chain and always a step ahead when compared with its competitors. From the indentifying step to final product only take 30-days. Key processes and Information Systems contribution The important processes are: Ordering: is done based on current market trends and customer feedbacks. Designing: based on the orders given. Manufacturing: After manufacturing the clothes are sent to the distribution centres. Distribution: From the distribution centres the garments are sent to the stores. Improvement of process using IT: It saves lot of time Handwork is reduced Information flow being made easier Information is kept in the computer database Information Systems and Information Technology Unlike other companies have to spend large amount of money to gain advantages from Information Technology and then pay more money to maintain it, Inditex invests very little on Information System which is referred to simple Technologies Application at Inditex are written and maintained by an IT staff of 50, which accounts for less than 0.5% of the companys workforce (McAfee, A 2004). Part of Zaras Information System focuses on the communication between its retailers stores and the head-quarter in La Coruà ±a. Every store of Zara is equipped with the PDAs and DOS based point-of-sales (POS) software so that every order from customer will transfer directly to the head-quarter for analysis purposes. This system is also used for collecting customer comments and opinions on styles and design thus will be used to support the design team to provide exactly products that meet the real-time needs of markets demand. Another use of Information System in Zara is that the stores manager can order goods concerned to quantitative and design which they think will sell best for their local markets. However, this information transferring process is not using more complex technology than dial-up internet to transmit the information twice a week. Also, based on the Annual Report for Stakeholders (2007) Inditex mentioned the implementation of Store Management Terminal (SMT) at every store to strengthen the communication within store, warehouse and management department. Another recent implementation of Information System is the Internet Store (www.ZaraHome.com) which is brought out as receiving online orders and feedbacks from customers. Besides that, computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) that converts designs into tangible products. Designers use the CAD/CAM to quickly make the final products based on customers demands. Role of Information System and Information Technology One of the particular characteristic, known as a unique and a pioneer, of Zara is reduced time in whole process from customers demands to shipping fulfilled products to stores, supply chain. Like fashion shows in Paris, Zara uses this fashion to draw the designs, transmit these designs to Spain, and finalise them within 15 days; whereas, this process takes about six weeks for other competitors do, according to Folpe (2000). One of the methods of reducing lead time is the implementation of Information Technology Zara staffs have to use Information System in this process: Computer hardware and software are used to design and store design patterns. Computers and internet are used to transmit these designs to Spain. Computers and internet are used to communicate; emails, VoIP, video conferences. Information Technology is used to monitor, manage, and process whole process of making products. The robotic system in factory is used to cut fabrics, software or program is used to control robot in terms of cutting fabrics, printing image on products, packing clothes, and controlling conveyer belts as well. Information system is also used to communicate with suppliers where to get materials, with divisions of operation inside the factory to run whole process effectively and efficiently, and with distributors for shipping as well. As part of the important processes. Recording feedbacks from customers is crucial. And it has been strengthened by the implementation of Information Technology. As Jessup and Valacich (2008) said that Information System/ Technology can help to do things faster, better, smarter. Zara has considered as successful example of information and technology ethically. Could Zara be successful without Information Technology? Many companies in the fashion industry are based on a demand-driven and network based supply chain where data-flow and effectiveness delivery of products are crucial to success. This success in the fashion industry cannot be achieved without a significant investment Information technology. Information technology overcomes communication barriers and helps to interconnect all the entities in the supply chain by sharing information. These facts demonstrate the important role that a proper Information technology investment has in the success of an organization in the fashion industry. Recommended improvement in Information Technology and Information System More effective improvements in Information System could support Zara as it could support the relationship and communication with other companies and within Zara. These advantages can be done by the implementation of new Information Technology and Information System: Maintaining the producing process always stay at the top performance by supporting stock supplying through better understanding with the material suppliers, scheduling the delivery time more efficient, or technical support immediate associate with manufacturing engines problems. Supporting expanse and off-shoring decision by make sure the head-quarter can monitoring the business as well as understanding the new market through analysing sales and customers feedbacks. Investment in building private information network within the organization will maximise the ability of flowing of information, efficient management and better security. Security in Zara Data safety: In case of system crashed or any thread that can destroy data. Inditexs report (2007) written there are contingency systems in the event of computer stoppage, with double equipment and data storage in a different location to the main Centre, which would reduce the consequences of a breakdown or stoppage to a margin of just a few hours. Information security: By using of hardware and software, Zara can avoid destruction of virus, stealing from spyware. Operation safety: Robotics system does not only cut down time of process but also limit accidents that may cause by workers mistakes. Transaction security: any payment from customers paid by cards need to be secured and any online transaction as well. Communication amongst branches: make sure that communication system amongst branches around the world is uninterrupted. The role of supply chain management Since fashion tendencies are short-lived, the success of a company in the fashion industry lies on its ability to meet demand and respond quickly to fluctuations and change (Strategic Direction, 2005). This success is only possible if an excellent agile supply chain management system is present to respond to these demands. Supply Chain Management is an approach to control and join together all the activities, it also improves the connection between all the entities in the chain supply, by the linkage of all the departments leads to fast and proper delivery of high quality products. Liz Barnes and Gaynor Lea-Greenwood (2006) stated that management strategy moves to achieve success and respond demands along with fluctuations in the market: Just-in-Time, agile supply chain and quick responsive systems. Just-in-time , according to Bruce (2004), is a term in that defines the ( delivery of finished goods to meet demand without carrying up front supply chain inventory , but in time to meet market demand. This is retailer driven concept aimed at reducing costs for businesses in the supply chain). Agile Supply Chains, the concept of agility in the supply chain management is centred on responsiveness (Christopher et al., 2004); as it was mention before the fashion industry is unstable and unpredictable, therefore the ability of being responsive in this industry is a crucial factor for any companys success. It was proposed by Harrison (Christopher et al, cited in Harrison 1999) that an agile supply chain has the following characteristics: Market sensitive: the capability of read and respond to real demand and capturing emerging trends by analysing point-of-sale data from customers feedback. Virtual: an agile supply chain is virtual for the reason that connects and shares information on real demand between all the partners in the supply chain, this contributes to collaborative planning. Network-based: it means working closely with other specialists, for instance Zara, which assigns all its finishing stages of manufacturing to small subcontractors. Process aligned: is the ability of an agile supply chain to have a high degree of process interconnectivity and cooperation between network members. Quick response is a key strategy in the fast fashion market that focuses on the ability of an organisation to provide the customer the same quantity of different range of high quality products at the right time, the right place and the right price. This is achieved because of the real-time customer/ consumer demand system, where the clients feedback influences decisions in the manufacturing, distribution and speed of delivery processes. Risky in supply chance management Zaras current model of supply chain has endured for more than two decades and has generated multiple successes for the company. On the other hand, this approach could create some risks for the company. Michael A. Lewis (2004) explores what could be a possible risk in the supply chain; Zara is characterized by exclusivity and maintaining limited supply, consequently for instance, a costumer that often buy at Zara finds a new product but is in limited supply, this customer likes what he wants but feels pressure because if it does not get it immediately, it is certain that it will lose the chance to purchase it in the near future. As a consequence some of Zaras costumers will be left out. E-commerce for Zara Zara has archived tremendous success with its retail stores over the world. So should it expanses on the online market? The yes side: Zara could get in touch with foreign markets that have not been reached so far. Improvement in customer satisfaction will lead to better reputation. Using internet based sales can be considered a good way of advertisement. Providing opportunity for customer to check new products. Earn more profit from selling rather than focus on retail stores. Easier to get feedbacks and requests from customers on specific or general products. The no side: Cost associated with delivery will become a huge burden for business. More sophisticated in management. Heavily investment on Information System / Technology is required to gain benefits and overcome security issues. Increasing in threats of losing confidential information. Style copying from competitors is also a problem. Customer may not passionate with this new type of transaction since most people prefer to try on products before making decision. CONCLUSION To conclude, the success of Zara is formed by the outstanding management in supply chance and processes and the brilliant in implementation of Information System. By understanding deeply the use and meaning of Information System, Zara has applied and improved its use to build up the certain victory in this highly competition environment. However, Zara should think of improvements in suitable Information System and Technology to gain more competition advantages in the future. REFERENCE LIST Barnes, L., Lea-Greenwood, G. (2006, July). Fast fashioning the supply chain: shaping the research agenda. Journal of Fashion Marketing Management, 10(3), 259-271, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 13612026, Viewed 15 April 2009. Clive, Edwards, Sore Wars: Fast Fashion, BBC learning. Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. (2004). International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09590552, Viewed 15 April 2009. Echikson, W (2000), The Mark Of Zara, Issue 3683, 29 May, p98 100, 2p. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00077135, Viewed 10 April 2009. 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APPENDIX Appendex 1 Zara ´s Architectural team (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.34) Appendix 2 Inditexs conferences (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.132) Appendix 3 Computer room in headquarter in Spain (BBC-Store Wars) How Light Reacts Through Different Mediums | Experiment How Light Reacts Through Different Mediums | Experiment Audry Alburquerque Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to determine how does light react when it travels through different mediums. The student had to answer one question: â€Å"How does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids?† And her possible hypotheses were: â€Å"If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. In an experiment in which the student used the Geometric Optics program and the Bending Light program, she concluded that her hypothesis was right, because as she changed the mediums in the virtual lab, light’s direction changed. Lab 12.8 – Light: During this experiment, the student had to find out how does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids. In order to answer this question, she created two hypotheses: If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. The relationship between the focal length f, image distance di, and object distance do is a formula: 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f. In a spherical mirror, an object or image behind the mirror has negative distance and is virtual.The focal length of a convex mirror is negative and the image distance is always negative. An object placedfarther or closer than the focal point in front of a convex mirror produces a reduced, upright, virtual image. An object that is closer to the concave mirror than the focal point always produces an enlarged and virtual image. An object that is beyond the focal point always produces an inverted, real image. Rays of light that pass through the convex lens move closer together or converge. Rays of light that pass through the concave lens spread out or diverge. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The Lensmaker’s equation is: P = 1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 1/R2 + (n-1) d/nR1R1). The spherometer consists of a base circle of three outer legs, a ring, or the equivalent, havi ng a known radius of the base circle, a central leg, and a reading device for measuring the distance the central leg is moved.(Wikipedia, 2014) Three principal rays form part in the construction of ray diagrams for convex mirrors: a ray that would pass through the focal point is reflected parallel to the principal axis; a ray that is parallel to the principal axis reflects as if in line with the focal point; a ray that would pass through the center of curvature is reflected back upon itself. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The minimum value that the index of refraction can have is 1. The index of refraction of air is: 1.000293, water: 1.3330, ordinary glass: 1.50, and polycarbonate plastic: 1.5849. (Wikipedia, 2014) The speed of light in a vacuum is 3.00 x 108 m/s. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 19.4) The relationship between the speed of light and the index of refraction is the formula: n = c/v. (HyperPhysics, 2012) Methods: The student used a computer, Geometric Optics simulation program, and Bending light simulation program. She ran both programs: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics and http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and tried to learn how to use them. The student analyzed the differences that exist between a real image and a virtual image. Later, using the ruler, she gathered data to solve for focal distance and magnification of the lens using the mirror formula. Later she opened http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and familiarized with the program. She recorded what happened when she changed the index of refraction of one or two materials. The student also analyzed which tool was better for measuring angles, and what beam was better also for the angles. After following each possible step properly, the class ended, so the student had to continue her methods at her house on the following days. Results/Data Collection/Calculations: Lens’s refractive index (n): 1.8 and the radius of curvature (R): 0.7m. 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0cm +1/66.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cm M = -di/do = -66.0cm/120.0cm = -0.550 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/81.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cm M = -di/do = -81.0cm/90.0cm = -0.900 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/148.9cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cm M = -di/do = -148.9cm/60.0cm = -2.48 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/-88.0cm = 0.022cm-1 = 45.5cm M = -di/do = 88.0cm/30.0cm = 2.93 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/-11.9cm = -0.017cm-1 = -58.8cm M = -di/do = 11.9cm/15.0cm = 0.793 Lens’s refractive index (n): 1.25 and the radius of curvature (R): 0.80m 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0 + 1/130.0cm = 0.016cm-1 = 62.5cm M = -di/do = -130.0cm/120.0cm = -1.083 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/110cm = 0.020cm-1 = 50cm M = -di/do = -110cm/90.0cm = -1.22 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/80.0cm = 0.029cm-1 = 34.5cm M = -di/do = -80.0cm/60.0cm = -1.33 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/45.0cm = 0.056cm-1 = 17.9cm M = -di/do = -45.0cm/30.0cm = -1.50 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/30.0cm = 0.100cm-1 = 10cm M = -di/do = -30.0cm/15.0cm = -2.00 Analysis/Discussion/Conclusion: The main goal of this experiment was to determine how does light react when it travels through different mediums. After she finished the experiment, she learned how light reacts as it goes through lenses and liquids. The student realized that both of her hypothesis were right: â€Å"If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. Her conclusion was that these hypotheses were right because light does not behave the same through different materials, and the bending of the light that she predicted in her hypotheses matched with the virtual lab. The student learned that with the increasing of the index of refraction of a material, the focal distance decreased. In the Bending Light part when she had to measure angles, the protractor was the best tool. Geometric Optics and Bending Light programs are a little complex, but they are helpful when it comes to understanding how does light act depending on the circumstances. References: Boundless. (2014). The Lensmaker’s Equation. Boundless. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/physics/geometric-optics/lenses/the-lensmaker-s-equation/ HyperPhysics. (2012). Refraction of Light. C.R. Nave. Retrieved from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/refr.html Nirenberg, I., Kim, J., Kim, J. (2013). CK-12 physics – intermediate. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-PhysicsIntermediate/r12/section/20.0/ Oocities.org. (2014). Ray Diagrams Pics. Oocities.org. Retrieved from http://www.oocities.org/rjwarren_stm/2P4/RayDiagramsPics.gif Phet. (2013). Geometric optics. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics Phet. (2013). Bending light. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light Wikipedia. (January 28, 2014). List of refractive indices. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indices#List Wikipedia. (November 18, 2013). Spherometer. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherometer